One such way is to measure how surprised or perplexed the RNN was to see the output given the input. What is perplexity in RNN? It is not just enough to produce text we also need a way to measure the quality of the produced text. It measures exactly the quantity that it is named after: the average number of bits needed to encode on character. What is BPC in NLP? Bits-per-character (BPC) is another metric often reported for recent language models. You might recall that information quantifies the number of bits required to encode and transmit an event. How do you calculate perplexity of a language model? What is cross entropy in machine learning?Ĭross-entropy is a measure of the difference between two probability distributions for a given random variable or set of events. A low perplexity indicates the probability distribution is good at predicting the sample. It may be used to compare probability models. In information theory, perplexity is a measurement of how well a probability distribution or probability model predicts a sample. What does negative perplexity mean? Having negative perplexity apparently is due to infinitesimal probabilities being converted to the log scale automatically by Gensim, but even though a lower perplexity is desired, the lower bound value denotes deterioration (according to this), so the lower bound value of perplexity is deteriorating with a larger … 4.2 Discover What is a good coherence score LDA?Īchieve the highest coherence score = 0.4495 when the number of topics is 2 for LSA, for NMF the highest coherence value is 0.6433 for K = 4, and for LDA we also get number of topics is 4 with the highest coherence score which is 0.3871 (see Fig.
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Our tomato sauce, meats, cheeses and vegetable toppings are gluten free as well! For more information go to ‘Nutrition’ at the bottom of our website. Gluten Free Crust Pizza is made in an environment that contains wheat. TM/MD Gondola Pizza, LLC Used under license. This information may be retained by Gondola Pizza and/or franchisees to help serve you better in the future. ® Reg. Please note that for the purpose of completing your order, Gondola Pizza and/or independent Gondola Pizza franchisees must collect customer and order information. On offers in which an item must be purchased to access a discount on a succeeding item(s), the discount will be applied on the item(s) of equal or lesser value, unless otherwise indicated. All deals featured on are available online only. Delivery areas and charges may vary by location and minimum delivery order conditions may apply. Product, pricing and participation may vary by location. Products above may not appear exactly as shown. Served with a side of sour cream for dipping. Manitoba smoked farmer sausage, sautéed sweet white and red onions, special blend of mozzarella cheese, double smoked side bacon, aged cheddar cheese. Grilled chicken, tomato, red onion, green peppers, banana peppers, sweet chili Thai sauce and 100% mozzarella cheese.Ĭreamy ranch base, Grilled chicken breast, Northern Heat sauce, roasted red peppers, chopped spinach, special blend of mozzarella cheese, aged cheddar cheese. Grilled chicken, pineapple, smoked side bacon, a special blend of our world famous pizza sauce and honey garlic sauce, and 100% mozzarella cheese. Calorie breakdown: 66 fat, 3 carbs, 31 protein. Grilled chicken, red onion, mushrooms, smoked side bacon, BBQ sauce and 100% mozzarella cheese. There are 42 calories in 1 medium slice of Turkey Bacon. 2,000 calories a day is used for general. The Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet. 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Feel the magic of vfx and add film effects to your pics with the help of a smart "photo editor" In addition to special effects, you can add narration, music tracks, text titles, and pre-packaged themes for your videos. Fortunately, this can easily be remedied by filtering the table to hide blank rows and only show those that hold a value. The downside to this solution is that empty rows will also appear in your pivot table, which can be unsightly. That way, even if more data is added to your dataset, it will refresh properly on the table on its own, without you having to manually add rows each time you want to add new info. Simply select an additional ten, twenty, or even a hundred extra empty rows when deciding on the data range of your pivot table. Let’s say your pivot data is currently only using four rows, but you know that there’ll be more in the future. To rectify this, you can simply edit the dataset that the pivot table is pulling from and include the new rows you want to show in the table.įurthermore, to avoid these kinds of situations in the future, you can include some blank rows in your pivot table range if you’re expecting to add more data. If data from new rows is not appearing in the pivot table, then it’s highly likely that those rows are not included in the table’s range. Therefore, when you create a pivot table in Google Sheets, you need to specify the range of data that the table will be pulling from. While using pivot tables, one of the common issues users run into is when data from new rows in the dataset are not showing up in the table. Scenario 1: Pivot Table Is Not Refreshing With Data From New Rows We’ll go through each of them in detail so your pivot table can get back to accurately showing data. While the quickest way to refresh a pivot table is by simply hitting the refresh button, the scenarios mentioned in the previous section require different methods to refresh your Google Sheets pivot table. Your Google Sheets pivot table should refresh along with the entire spreadsheet.Īlternatively, you can hit the F5 button, which serves as a shortcut for refreshing your web browser tab. Hit the Refresh button near the top part of your browser window and wait for the tab to reload.Next, make any changes to your dataset or pivot table, such as adding filters, etc.First, open a web browser instance with a tab showing the Google spreadsheet that has your pivot table in it.Pretty much all you have to do to refresh a pivot table in Google Sheets is open a tab with your spreadsheet and hit the refresh button as described below: But if you’d like to refresh the table manually for whatever reason, it’s a very straightforward process. How To Refresh a Pivot Table In Google SheetsĪs mentioned previously, Google Sheets refreshes pivot tables automatically to limit the work that has to be done on the user’s end.
By the 1880s, ballparks had more sheltered. Please review our full terms contained on our Terms of Service page. Chicago no protection in a baseball, bench from area players near the on weather the the grandsideor unruly fans. We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands. We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. CHICAGO (CBS) - Following a severe thunderstorm that prompted a series of tornado warnings across the Chicago area, were. Accumulations between 1 to 2 inches are expected to the south whereas 4. Chicago First Alert Weather: Hottest days of the year coming up 03:06. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site. CBS News Chicago CBS News Chicago A Winter Weather Advisory is also in effect for the Chicagoland area until 3 a.m. The cold season lasts for 3.2 months, from December 2 to March 9, with an average daily high. The hottest month of the year in Chicago is July, with an average high of 82☏ and low of 70☏. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. Time Changes in Chicago Over the Years Daylight Saving Time (DST) changes do not necessarily occur on the same date every year. The warm season lasts for 3.6 months, from June 3 to September 20, with an average daily high temperature above 73☏. However, there’s a chance of another shower or two popping up close to the lake today. The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. CHICAGO - Showers are done for the moment except in Michigan and Indiana as of this writing. See all nearby weather stations Disclaimer The details of the data sources used for this report can be found on the Chicago Midway International Airport page. weather forecast today in Chicago or retrieve the flight schedules from London to Tokyo that make, at most, one stop. “You won’t be in the game.”Īuthor and Stanly County resident Ken Russell, who recently retired from nearby Pfeiffer University, says consulting the community was the perfect answer for Albemarle when it formed the Citizens Economic Development Task Force. “If you don’t have that space, either flex space or land, it’s a nonstarter,” he says. The Urban Institute’s Jeff Michael, who is the mayor’s first cousin, says available industrial space is a must for rural communities. Ronnie Michael says he expects Albemarle City Council will approve a shell building for the business park but it’s too early to discuss details. The city bought the land two years ago for $1.8 million. The first lots should be available in mid- to late 2020, and there’s room for up to 12 manufacturers and up to 4,000 new jobs for the city. Highway 24/27 that can hold up to 2.5 million square feet of industrial and warehouse space. In June, construction starts on Albemarle Business Center, a 282-acre business park at the crossroads of U.S. “We have very little product left,” Ronnie Michael says. Then Donham and others realized the town would have to find a solution to the limited commercial real estate options - either prepared land or available buildings - that would attract new industries. “So we can react and move more quickly to serve everyone’s needs.” “This is a good example of why we are structured for economic development as we are now,” Ferris says. Enforge remained and the city saved 100 jobs. Albemarle, the state and Stanly County responded with the offer of incentives to keep the company, which had opened in the city in 2009. In 2018, Enforge considered moving away from Albemarle with its jobs and its new hot-forging process for steel auto parts. “Most of our success has been working with existing industry,” Donham says. Donham focused on a jobs base that would keep graduates from nearby Pfeiffer University in the area. “It just felt like we needed to take more control of our economic destiny versus the antiquated model that a lot of cities our size use,” says Albemarle City Manager Michael Ferris.ĭonham arrived to find a City Council, city staff and others ready to bring Albemarle into its own as an employment and residential center. Donham had served as economic development director for the city of Monroe in the late 1990s and in city government in Monroe and Oxford, North Carolina. Expand the city’s Planning and Community Development Department to include tasks directly related to economic development.ĭecision-makers in Albemarle: Left to right, Mark Donham, director of economic development Mayor Ronnie Michael City Manager Michael Ferris and Assistant City Manager Nyki HardyĪlbemarle has taken action on virtually all of those recommendations, starting with the hiring in 2014 of Mark Donham as director of economic development.Rebrand Albemarle to attract new residents.Bring on a staff person to support existing businesses in Albemarle.Hire an economic development director for the town rather than rely on recruiting by Stanly County.“We can’t wait on someone else.”Īmong the top recommendations in the report prepared by Elkin-based Creative Economic Development Consulting: “Our future is going to depend on us,” Ronnie Michael says, describing the suggestions included in the report. Mayor Ronnie Michae lsays the report - funded in part by a grant from electric co-operative ElectriCities of North Carolina Inc. “They are likely have to work a little harder to create incentives for economic opportunity.”Ī report by Albemarle’s Citizens Economic Development Task Force, completed six years ago, was a wake-up call for the city. There was little sign of growth opportunities to keep young people from moving away.Īlbemarle native Jeff Michael, director of UNC Charlotte’s Urban Institute, says communities outside the ring cities surrounding Charlotte often don’t benefit from a dynamic urban center. Its population had stagnated at slightly less than 16,000. Stanly County’s jobless rate had spiked back up to 9.9% after falling from a high during the Great Recession of 14.8%. So, they decided to change it.ĭetermined to avoid the state of atrophy facing other rural textile communities dotting the Carolinas, the Stanly County town 40 miles east of Charlotte first sought to identify its major issues. – Senior Staff Writer, Charlotte Business JournalĪlbemarle leaders saw the future in 2013. Following a roadmap set out in a 2013 study, the town has invested in recruiting, developed its own business park and launched a marketing campaign. Pictured is Main Street in downtown AlbemarleĪlbemarle leaders were determined to avoid the fate of other textile towns in the Carolinas. This restricts the application of the classical continuum theory to the nanoflows. So far, the viscosity of fluids in nanoconfinement on a scale comparable to the molecular diameter is seldom explored owing to the extremely small scale on which the transport properties are difficult to be captured by experiments and the intrinsic limitations of the existing computational methods in the MD simulations. The previous results have identified that the water viscosity relies on the temperature and the characteristic length of the nanochannel. In classical continuum theory, the viscosity is an essential transport property and thereby has been extensively measured and computed. Hence, many researches focused on the unique feature of the confined fluid and its relationship with the continuum fluid. The previous studies have revealed that the flow behavior of water at the nanoscale strongly depends on the characteristic length of nanochannel, which implies that the classical continuum theory for the macroscopic fluid may be no longer applicable for the fluid confined in nanochannels. It is a significant topic for studying and designing the nanodevices such as the nanochannel for drug delivery and the membrane for water desalination. Water conduction through single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been paid much attention in recent years. The present results should be instructive for understanding the coupling effect of the size and the temperature at the nanoscale. The results of the relative amount of the hydrogen bonds exhibit similar profiles with the curves of the relative viscosity. To demonstrate the rationality of the calculated relative viscosity, the relative amount of the hydrogen bonds of water confined in SWCNTs is also computed. Based on the computational results, a fitting formula is proposed to calculate the size- and temperature- dependent water viscosity, which is useful for the computation on the nanoflow. The results suggest that the relative viscosity of the confined water increases with increasing diameter and temperature, whereas the size-dependent trend of the relative viscosity is almost independent of the temperature. The influences of the diameter (size) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and the temperature on the viscosity of water confined in SWCNTs are investigated by an "Eyring-MD" (molecular dynamics) method. “We have absurd growth plans of a 200% increase in capacity for 2023,” Johnson discloses. OAG data shows that the carrier has served 127 airport pairs in total, and 83 are scheduled for March. Breeze has pulled out of cities such as San Antonio and Oklahoma City altogether. But Breeze seems to follow the classic tech mantra: “Fail fast and move on.” “Most of our network has had some sort of reduction,” Johnson says. The network has had other misfires as well. Johnson says this had more to do with long-haul pilot and aircraft availability than lack of demand. However, some high-profile routes were dropped shortly after they launched, and some were canceled before services began. Breeze Chief Commercial Officer Lukas Johnson. The company is constantly finding riches in exploring niches: It is acquiring slots at airports that have never seen domestic long-haul and transcontinental service, such as the fast-growing Los Angeles exurb of San Bernadino, and “high-end” leisure areas that have lost services, such as Vero Beach, which is about equidistant from Daytona Beach, Orlando and West Palm Beach, Florida. Adding secondary airports in densely populated areas such as Westchester County and Long Island, New York, and Provo south of Salt Lake City is proving to be another rich opportunity. These routes have proven to be the most successful, with Hartford and Charleston leading the pack. He points to transcontinental and longer-haul connectivity to Los Angeles, San Francisco, Las Vegas and Phoenix from smaller markets that have never had such services, such as Akron, Ohio Charleston, South Carolina Fort Myers, Florida Hartford, Connecticut Providence, Rhode Island and Richmond, Virginia. The fares are up significantly, and for the traveling public that’s trying to get between two midsize cities, there’s just not as many options.” “That elimination and reduction of service to smaller communities gives us the potential to stimulate new demand that’s higher even than before. “In 2022, regional departures were lower than mainline departures at the legacies for the first time ever,” Johnson notes. Slower deliveries of the U.S.-built A220s and some quality control issues with the aircraft have also been constraints.īut ever the opportunistic contrarian, Breeze is benefiting from major carriers’ shift away from regional flying, which plays right into its sweet spot. It is “the stuff everyone is facing,” he says. Germinating before and during the pandemic, the airline has faced many unexpected challenges, Johnson concedes, such as the higher-priced, tighter labor environment-particularly for pilots-and supply chain issues. The vast majority of Breeze’s hub-bypassing, point-to-point nonstops have had no direct competition. The A220 is able to connect small and medium-size cities with larger city-pairs, particularly on long/thin routes such as transcontinental ones, that have never had that service before. “We built the airline around a unique plane that gives us unique opportunities,” he asserts. The company’s bundled approach to segmentation with its “Nice,” “Nicer” and “Nicest” branded fares large premium cabin offering for the price of economy class and a digital-only approach to reservations, merchandising and customer service are just a few ways in which the company is a disruptor as much as it is a discounter.īreeze Chief Commercial Officer Lukas Johnson tells Aviation Week that the original premise of the airline remains the same. “Breeze is a tech company that happens to fly airplanes,” Neeleman says. Market-stimulating low fares and low costs are about all Breeze has in common with other cost-cutting carriers. With its contrarian founder and business model, the ultra-low-cost carrier (ULCC) could be considered the un-ULCC.
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