To maintain the necessary levels, human iron metabolism requires a minimum of iron in the diet. These two proteins play essential roles in vertebrate metabolism, respectively oxygen transport by blood and oxygen storage in muscles. The body of an adult human contains about 4 grams (0.005% body weight) of iron, mostly in hemoglobin and myoglobin. electrolytic iron) are more resistant to corrosion. Unlike the oxides of some other metals that form passivating layers, rust occupies more volume than the metal and thus flakes off, exposing more fresh surfaces for corrosion. Iron reacts readily with oxygen and water to produce brown-to-black hydrated iron oxides, commonly known as rust. Pristine and smooth pure iron surfaces are a mirror-like silvery-gray. The iron and steel industry is thus very important economically, and iron is the cheapest metal, with a price of a few dollars per kilogram or pound. In the modern world, iron alloys, such as steel, stainless steel, cast iron and special steels, are by far the most common industrial metals, due to their mechanical properties and low cost. That event is considered the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. Humans started to master that process in Eurasia during the 2nd millennium BCE and the use of iron tools and weapons began to displace copper alloys-in some regions, only around 1200 BCE. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust, being mainly deposited by meteorites in its metallic state, with its ores also being found there.Įxtracting usable metal from iron ores requires kilns or furnaces capable of reaching 1,500 ☌ (2,730 ☏) or higher, about 500 ☌ (932 ☏) higher than that required to smelt copper. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, just ahead of oxygen (32.1% and 30.1%, respectively), forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. This makes it easier to understand and predict how atoms will interact to form chemical bonds.Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe (from Latin ferrum 'iron') and atomic number 26. The configuration notation provides an easy way for scientists to write and communicate how electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom. ![]() Therefore we have 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 63d 64s 2įor the Fe2+ ion we remove two electrons from 4s2 leaving us with:įor the Fe3+ ion we remove a total of three electrons (two from the 4s2 and one form the 3d6) leaving us with ![]() Both of the configurations have the correct numbers of electrons in each orbital, it is just a matter of how the electronic configuration notation is written ( here is an explanation why). Note that when writing the electron configuration for an atom like Fe, the 3d is usually written before the 4s. Therefore the Iron electron configuration will be 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 64s 23d 6. After the 4s is full we put the remaining six electrons in the 3d orbital and end with 3d6. We now shift to the 4s orbital where we place the remaining two electrons. ![]() Since the 3s if now full we'll move to the 3p where we'll place the next six electrons. ![]() We'll put six in the 2p orbital and then put the next two electrons in the 3s. The p orbital can hold up to six electrons. The next six electrons will go in the 2p orbital. Since 1s can only hold two electrons the next 2 electrons for Iron go in the 2s orbital. In writing the electron configuration for Iron the first two electrons will go in the 1s orbital. Video: Fe, Fe 2+, and Fe 3+ Electron Configuration Notation
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